Turkey, N. Iran, Transcaucasus Quercus macranthera ssp. Quercus marilandica var. Tamalpais Reg. West Caucasus Quercus robur ssp. Iran, E. Canada to NC. Quercus rubra var. Chenju Do , Japan Quercus serrata ssp. Northern Japan Quercus serrata ssp. Eastern Himalaya, China, Taiwan, Korea incl. Ontario to C. Quercus shumardii var.
Several tribes pounded the acorns into flour that they then used to make nutritious bread. Even now, some people still use acorns to make flour, especially if they are allergic to flour made from ingredients like wheat.
Acorns are also an important food source for the many birds and small mammals that rely on the crunchy nut for a hearty and nutritious meal. Oak trees also grow in Asia, North Africa and Europe. China is home to about different types of oak trees, and several European countries have designated different types of oaks as their national trees.
All in all, there are about different types of oak trees around the world, growing in environments from Mediterranean beaches to Asian forests.
England is home to especially old oak trees. Another, the Major Oak of Sherwood Forest, is the tree under which local folklore claims that Robin Hood took shelter. Oak tree bark is incredibly resilient against rotting, and for this reason, is a favorite bark for building all kinds of materials.
In Japan, oak tree bark is often used to make drums because its density gives the instrument the perfect sound. Oak tree bark is also commonly used to make the barrels that store alcohol such as whisky, scotch and sherry. However, it can have some problems with powdery mildew.
As you might expect, scarlet oak offers deep red fall color. In some cases, this coloration can be inconsistent. But, this red is often so vibrant it rivals some more popular autumn trees like red maple. But this no reason to ignore this tree. In fact, the leaf color is appealing even in the summer months. At that time, the tops of the leaves are a rich glossy green color. The form of the leaves is thin like the pink oak and also has pointed lobes. Each leaf has seven to nine lobes and each lobe has a bristly tip.
A mature scarlet oak has a form that is rounded and open. It often reaches feet tall with a slightly smaller spread. Scarlet oak grows best in acidic soil that is also somewhat dry. Plant this oak if you are interested in a large shade tree with striking fall colors. Live oak grows in warmer regions of the United States.
In the south, it is a main component of large estates and former plantations. If you ever see a live oak, it quickly becomes apparent why people plant this tree so often. It is a large shade tree with a spread that can exceed, and even double the height. Another unique aspect of this oak is that it is evergreen while many other oaks are deciduous. The leaves also have a shape that differs from what most people think of when they imagine oak leaves.
Live oak leaves are simple elongated ovals. They are about one to three inches long. To add to their differences from other oaks, they are also evergreen. While planting this tree in a small area is ill-advised, this tree is a great option for large areas zones eight to ten. Live oak will grow best in full sun with moist soils. In its most attractive form, you will find mature live oaks with spreading branches covered in Spanish moss.
Laurel oak is an interesting tree because it has both evergreen and deciduous characteristics. While the leaves do eventually fall, this does not occur until late in February. This gives laurel oak the appearance of an evergreen for much of the winter. This species is native to the southeastern part of the United States. It is another large shade tree with a height and spread that match each other.
The leaves of laurel oak are reminiscent of laurel shrubs. They have an elongated elliptic shape with mostly smooth margins. Their color is often dark green. Laurel oak thrives in acidic soils. In its native range, it inhabits warm coastal areas. The further north this tree grows, the more deciduous it becomes. In the wild, chestnut oak inhabits rocky areas at higher elevations. It is native to the eastern United States.
This tree is deciduous. It has a broad rounded form. Because of its adaptability to dry soils, it sometimes carries the name rock oak. The name chestnut oak comes from the fact that it shares some visual characteristics with chestnut trees. The most notable of these is the bark which is brown with a corklike texture. The leaves of chestnut oak are different than most oaks. These leaves are obovate with coarse serration. They look similar in shape to some beech trees.
Despite adapting to poor soils, this tree can have numerous diseases. Among these are root rot, cankers, powdery mildew, and even chestnut blight. But if you can avoid these problems, chestnut oak is a good shade tree option for well-drained soils. Dwarf chestnut oak grows as a large shrub or as a small tree. Many oaks have a bitter taste to their acorns. This bitterness is far less present in the acorns of dwarf chestnut oak.
This results in a flavor that is far more favorable to wildlife. Dwarf chestnut oak leaves are remarkably similar to chestnut oak leaves. This native shrub also has a deep taproot.
This characteristic makes transplanting a significant challenge. Dwarf chestnut oak can adapt to some dry soils although this is not its preference. It is also tolerant of limited amounts of shade. Gambel oak another variety of oak that is on the smaller side. While not a true shrub, this small tree only grows to an average mature height of 30 feet at most. The plant has a rounded form throughout its long life span which can reach years.
In older age, it takes on a weeping form that requires plenty of space. Gambel oak is valuable for its ability to adapt to both moist and dry soils.
Its leaves are deciduous with rounded lobes. Another notable feature of this plant is its high production of acorns in the fall. These serve as a food source for animals in winter. Water oak is a species native to the southeast United States. It grows naturally near streams as the name implies. This tree is semi-evergreen. Old leaves fall in the winter.
However, in some cases, they will persist through the winter. The shape of the leaves is unlike any other oak. They have a narrow oval shape. That shape is consistent from the petiole to the midpoint of the leaf. The beyond that mid-point, three subtle rounded lobes give a wavy shape to the outer half of the leaf.
The leave color is green with some hints of blue. Like many oaks, water oak has a broad rounded canopy. The trunk can be exceptionally thick. At times it will be around five feet in diameter. Even though this tree has a sturdy appearance, it is actually weak wooded.
Be careful about planting this tree near your house. Other oak species have serrated toothed leaves or smooth leaf margins, which are called entire leaves. Oak flowers, or catkins, fall in late spring. Acorns produced from these flowers are borne in cup-like structures known as cupules. Every acorn contains at least one seed rarely two or three and takes six to 18 months to mature, depending on the species.
Live oaks, which have evergreen or extremely persistent leaves, aren't necessarily a distinct group, as their members are scattered among the species below. Oaks can, however, be divided into red and white oaks, distinguished by the hue of the tight-grained wood when cut. In summer, look for alternate, short-stalked, often lobed leaves, though they vary in shape.
The bark is gray and scaly or blackish and furrowed. Twigs are slender with a star-shaped pith. Acorns, not all of which have caps, drop on the nearby ground over a month each fall.
If a tree is stressed, it drops some acorns while still green during summer; if conditions aren't right for the tree to support all the fruit on its branches, it discards what it won't have enough energy to ripen. You can identify oaks in the winter by the five-sided pith of the twigs; clustered buds at the tip of a twig; slightly raised, semicircular leaf scars where the leaves were attached to the branches; and individual bundle scars.
In the South, live oaks and water oaks retain most of their leaves over the winter. Red oaks commonly have generally symmetrical leaves at least 4 inches long with points to their lobes and veins that extend all the way to the edges. Indentations run the gamut, from dramatic to none at all. White oaks often have rounded lobes on their leaves and indentations that vary widely. Here's more information on 17 common oaks:. Black oaks inhabit the Eastern half of the United States except Florida and grow 50 to feet tall, depending on location.
They tolerate poor soils. Leaves are shiny or glossy with five to nine lobes that terminate in one to four teeth. Bark is dark gray to near black. Habitat is from Ontario, Canada, to the panhandle of Florida. Bur oaks extend from Saskatchewan, Canada, and Montana to Texas and grow up to 80 feet tall.
They have wide crowns, though they're more shrubby at the northernmost and easternmost reaches of their habitat.
They're one of the most drought-resistant oaks. Leaves are elliptical with five to seven rounded lobes. Scales where the acorn cap meets the nut form a fuzzy fringe. The cap covers half to most of the nut.
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